4sfera ha desarrollado una nueva serie de mapas de calor para visualizar el grado de cumplimiento de la calidad del aire en toda Europa, basados en los valores límite actualizados de contaminantes introducidos por la recientemente adoptada Directiva de la UE 2024/2881. Estos mapas comparan los futuros valores límite establecidos por la Directiva 2024/2881de cumplimiento obligatorio a más tardar en 2030— con los de la anterior Directiva 2008/50/CE y con las directrices de calidad del aire de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Estas visualizaciones ofrecen una comprensión clara e inmediata del estado actual de cada país (según los datos validados más recientes de 2023) y de los esfuerzos necesarios en los próximos años para alcanzar el cumplimiento normativo.

Tras la reciente publicación del informe Estado de la calidad del aire 2025 de la AEMA, basado en nuestro informe, estas herramientas visuales tienen como objetivo apoyar a responsables políticos, agencias medioambientales y al público general, ofreciendo una visión accesible de los niveles de contaminación atmosférica y del grado de alineación regulatoria en los distintos países europeos. Cada mapa de calor indica si alguna estación de medición de un país supera los valores máximos permitidos para contaminantes específicos.

Comparación con la Directiva anterior y las directrices de la OMS

Para ofrecer una visión completa, el conjunto de visualizaciones también incluye gráficos comparativos que muestran:

  • Excesos según la Directiva anterior de la UE (2008/50/CE), indicando el grado de cumplimiento con los valores actuales.
  • Excesos según los futuros valores límite de 2030 establecidos por la Directiva 2024/2881, destacando el impacto de los nuevos estándares sobre el cumplimiento.
  • Un mapa de calor basado en las directrices de calidad del aire de la OMS, mucho más estrictas y que representan un objetivo ambicioso para la mejora de la calidad del aire a largo plazo.

Esta comparativa pone de relieve el aumento de las exigencias normativas y la brecha que aún existe para alcanzar niveles de calidad del aire alineados con los estándares sanitarios, subrayando la necesidad de una acción más rápida para proteger la salud pública.

Mapa de calor europeo sobre el cumplimiento de la calidad del aire según los límites de la Directiva 2008/50/CE Mapa de calor europeo sobre el cumplimiento de la calidad del aire según los límites de la Directiva 2024/2881 para 2030

* Los valores límite de 2030 se presentan únicamente con fines comparativos para mostrar la distancia al objetivo que debe alcanzarse antes de 2030.

Mapa de calor europeo sobre el cumplimiento de la calidad del aire según las directrices de la OMS
Interpretación del código de colores

Cada mapa utiliza un código de colores claro e intuitivo para indicar el estado de cumplimiento de cada país respecto a un contaminante específico:

  • Amarillo: Países no cumplidores donde al menos un punto de muestreo (SPO) supera los valores límite.
  • Turquesa: Países cumplidores donde ningún SPO supera los valores límite establecidos en la Directiva 2008/50/CE, la Directiva 2024/2881 ni las directrices de la OMS.

Los mapas están adaptados a cada contaminante y a su periodo de media correspondiente—anual, diario u horario—lo que permite identificar fácilmente qué contaminantes representan el mayor desafío en cada región.

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